Great Britain :: essays research papers

Britian and the settlements had strains between one another from the time that the bold 1colonists needed to branch out away from the ground-breaking hold of Britian. In spite of the fact that Britian would not like to let the homesteaders start there own nation they despite everything accepted that an augmentation to their nation would be extremely helpful to their economy and force. Britian had laws and charges on the pilgrims that appeared uncalled for to the pilgrims; and they were, yet they profited Britian a lot by expanding their capacity further into the world. Since the British had set up their province and set down their guidelines and guidelines the pioneers felt that they were being dealt with unjustifiably and accepted that they merited more opportunity than the British gave them. After such things as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act and the severity of the Boston Slaughter the homesteaders started to get eager and endeavoring toward opportunity from the more powerful that controlled their each day. Dissent bunches started to ascend from the disappointed individuals, bunches like the Committees of Correspondence. This gathering gave the individuals something to put stock in. This bunch unmistakably revealed to them that they had a larger number of rights than the English let them know. Unavoidably the settlers battled against the relentless British government. This may have appeared to be a decent decision; the British were uncalled for, so it appeared that the pioneers reserved a privilege to proclaim their freedom from Britain. Also, obviously it is by all accounts a decent dicision in light of the fact that the United States is presently the most remarkable nation on the planet. Anyway was it a keen Christian dicision, what does the holy book say about war also, conflicting with your own legislature. In the book of Romans it legitimately tells the peruser that conflicting with your government it is conflicting with Gods will in light of the fact that the government was put there by God. So if so the pilgrims were all rapscallions and the entire economy, society what's more, culture of the United States depended on a treacherous wicked thought. Indeed, that would be valid if the Bible didn't have another segment explicitly taking care of such a circumstance. In another segment of the Bible it peruses that an individual should as it were follow an administration on the off chance that it isn't driving the individual away from God. So in the event that a legislature straightforwardly defies Gods word, at that point it isn't on the whole correct to adhere to its standard and lessons. Did the British do this? Truly, the British passed a wide range of laws that would conflict with the scriptural things like the Quebec Act and the numerous other unjustifiable duties and rules. At the point when the British murdered

The Role of Polyglutamine Expansions in Huntington’s Disease Essay

Huntington’s illness (HD) is a neurodegenerative prevailing issue brought about by the extensions of polyglutamine in the quality encoding for Huntington’s protein. It is a formative autosomal mind issue that influences muscle coordination, passionate and character issues. Just as subcortical dementia, further prompting intellectual decrease this is totally related with particular neuronal cell passing chiefly related in the striatum and cortex (Scherzinger et al., 1997). HD causes enthusiastic issues, uncontrolled developments and the loss of reasoning capacity. It can prompt handicap and demise from the ailment. There are two types of this malady: grown-up beginning and beginning stage (adolescent). Grown-up beginning is by the far generally regular for HD; manifestations create between the times of mid 30s/40s, an individual will live a normal of 20 years after side effects and signs start. Untimely signs and indications are misery, automatic developments, inconvenience learning new data, poor coordination; this would all be able to advance harshly. The improvement of pre-malady side effects into jerking or yanking is alluded as Chorea. HD can be alluded to Huntington Chorea. Albeit grown-up beginning is increasingly normal issue, adolescent structure, characterized by the beginning of signs and manifestations before the age of 21 years, this happens in about 7% of HD cases. (Nance, 2001) Juvenile beginning has comparative manifestations anyway the illness advances all the more immediately contrasted with the grown-up beginning structure. Gente (1985) results demonstrated discoveries by others, that the most adolescent beginning patients acquire the quality from their dads and that the late-beginning structure is all the more habitually acquired from influenced moms. HD happens due to CAG/polyglutamine(polyQ) extensions, in the principal exon of a quality encoding a la... ..., C. also, Bates, G, P. (2004). Huntingtin and the sub-atomic pathogenesis of Huntington’s sickness. EMBO reports 5. 958-963 Nance, M, A. also, Myers, R, H. (2001) Panov, A, V., Gutekunst, C., Leavitt, B, R., Hayden, M, R., Burke, J, R., Strittmatter, W, J. Also, Greenamyre, J, T. (2002) Early mitochondrial calcium deserts in Huntington’s Disease are an immediate impact of Polyglutamines. Nature neuroscience. Volume 5 no 8 Ross, C, A. (2002). Polyglutamine Pathogenesis: Emergence of Unifying Mechanism for Huntington’s Disease and Related Disorders. Neuron, Vol. 35,819-822. Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Turmaine, M., Mangiarini, L., Hollenbach, Birgit., Hasenbank, R., Bates, G, P., Davies, S, W., Lehrach, H and Wanker, E, E. (1997). Huntington-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions Form Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell, Vol.90, 549-558. Zhang,

Celebrities Responsibility to Act as Role Models Essay Example

Superstars Responsibility to Act as Role Models Paper To get down with. fame. superstar. riches and glorification neer comes completely. It brings a colossal heap of standing eccentricity and wary mentality. The individuals who neglect to make so. non just set into potential harm their place in individuals. in any case, are other than liable for propelling negative propensities in their followings. Thus I recognize the explanation that the popular people bear huge obligations to move as capacity hypothetical records. As we are populating in a vast expanse of media today. it is non astounding that these popular people stay in spotlight and are pursued everyplace by cameras. The most impact is done to the youngster. The generous. luxurious. colorfull and far reaching ways of life of these celebrated people can energize any individual who wants to woolgather. The youthful individuals. look to duplicate them in vesture. hair way and even in strolling and talking. At a specific degree. this all remaining parts tolerable. in any case the activity happens when juvenile male childs start to detto them in smoke. guzzling and trying to put every other thing in their most loved on the map people way. We will compose a custom paper test on Celebrities Responsibility to Act as Role Models explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Celebrities Responsibility to Act as Role Models explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Celebrities Responsibility to Act as Role Models explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Youngsters do non simply duplicate their attitude. yet, other than start imagine ofing the universe from the eyes of these popular people. then again of cultivating their ain thoughts and considerations. Youthful grown-up females squander a wholesum of cash in making a similar way of dressing and buying acessories. that are only a misuse of clasp and cash. in any case. extremely alluring for the business networks. Jerseies with popular people names and pictures are one of the delineations. Youthful male childs and misss emulate themselves to be Leonardo Dicaprio and Angelina Jolie or envision their accomplices to move in a similar mode. This entire mentality of youthful individuals. brings an obligation towards media and its kin. As popular people ought to cognize. that their pes prints are being followed with curiousity and covetousness. they should keep the images of honestness and open help. It is every now and again observed that meetings of these well known people are perused with intense inclusion by juvenile individuals. Youthful male childs and misss are anxious to cognize the individual purposes and mentalities of these individuals. They watch them intently thus duplicate them for each situation of their life. The young compensation incredible taking care of their exhorts. Considerably more than their folks. teachers and their supporters. It is along these lines a colossal risk of well known people to move decidedly. non only out in the open however next to in their private lives. They have to demo trustiness and honestness. A little modification in their demeanor can affect substantially more than books and discusses educators and guardians. We are populating in an age. where media is the most remarkable bit of our lives. We oftentimes aimlessly follow the inclinations of non only vesture. yet, other than the well known inclinations of thoughts and musings. as spoken or appeared on broadcasting. Thus the media individuals. that is the renowned people play an of import work in doing a constructive effect on today’s youngster.

Geology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geography - Assignment Example Strict gap then again appear to differ with thought of a huge number of years and press it to before six days of creation (Dawkins. 2012). Having experienced this for a considerable length of time I will in general concur with the researcher. â€Å"Young Earthers,† are disregarding the mind-boggling â€Å"scientific† proof for an old Earth. It is sure that both the researcher and men of religion do concur on the account of Noah and the bend (Dawkins. 2012). The researcher at that point proceeded to examine the outcome that such a calamity may have left on the outside of the earth. Since the flood took place it more likely than not left a few impacts on the outside of the earth. This contention is so convincing in light of the fact that taking a gander at a large number of long stretches of disintegration at Colorado River the Grand Canyon was framed and such action more likely than not occurred during Noah’s flood (Dawkins. 2012). Numerous geologists, who are Christian and non-Christian, have taken a gander at the a huge number of feet of rock layers and fossils worldwide have basically accepted that the Flood didn’t produce them (Dawkins. 2012). They felt free to concoct hypotheses that those stone layers and fossils framed some time in the past before we appeared. We can’t disregard the way that worldwide, year-long, disastrous Flood happened at the hour of Noah. We can say this with without question on account of the authority of the chronicled record in the book Genesis. Such a disaster must have subsequently left a gigantic measure of geographical proof (Dawkins. 2012). Since the flood occurred it more likely than not covered both vegetation and animals and as water subside back they more likely than not dissolved huge numbers of the silt set down in the main portion of the Flood and redeposit them somewhere else (Dawkins. 2012). As we take a gander at the a great many feet of rock layers and fossils overall definitely Flood could have created them. In the event that such an occasion was to happen today, it will be naã ¯ve for us to believe that no geographical highlights will result from it. To

Evaluating the effectiveness of training on local employees in Asian Research Paper

Assessing the adequacy of preparing on nearby representatives in Asian friendliness ventures as an European HR supervisor - Research Paper Example The Asian neighborliness industry is in a consistent condition of advancement in an assortment of ways.Primarily,changing social,economic and social qualities as a result of globalization and modern improvement have improved openness of the travel industry related areas to remote clients and have additionally changed the procedure by which nearby representatives collaborate with a wide segment base of clients. As Asian nations become increasingly evolved and continue serious accommodation enterprises, the need to comprehend the various and complex ways of life and mentalities of outside (and once in a while household) guests turns into a principal need so as to fulfill customers and make a positive brand notoriety for the particular neighborliness business. Guests keep up one of a kind inclinations and requests with regards to their travel industry experience and since bleeding edge representatives are the main purpose of contact for these clients, it is basic that the staff comprehe nds these necessities and are offered suitable preparing to make client encounters fulfilling and guarantee long haul dedication to the neighborliness brand. In Asian neighborliness enterprises that are driven by exile European HR directors, it turns out to be increasingly hard to smooth out preparing and comprehend what drives nearby worker esteems, societies and general convictions identified with way of life and the work environment condition. There are noteworthy social contrasts between European initiative and Asian culture, in this manner making the activity of giving sufficient preparing significantly increasingly troublesome. This proposed inquire about investigation assesses the viability of preparing on nearby representatives in the Asian friendliness industry while considering the impact of European human asset the board standards and goals. 2. Writing survey This area attempts an audit and examination of existing writing on the Asian cordiality industry, social standards , and European qualities when or in the event that they are reached out into Asian organizations. 2.1 Cultural structures One essential understanding that should be investigated in this proposed explore study is the contrast between European administration and Asian workers at the social level. European HR directors for the most part hail from societies that are globalized and have a long-standing industrialized and business history. Quite a bit of this impact has originated from Western nations, for example, the United States, that went about as the structure for a significant part of the advanced HR standards being utilized in an assortment of ventures today. European pioneers are from individualistic social orders, under Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Framework, whereby administrators and representatives esteem self-articulation and autonomy in the working environment and will in general worth individual objective accomplishment over that of gathering objective setting and gathering focused prizes (Blodgett, Bakir and Rose, 2008). In this kind of association or culture, individualists look for more dynamic position and employment job self-rule so as to stay steadfast and fulfilled with the goal that they can become execution situated and try to meet key objectives. This individualistic mentality drives most of their HR arrangements as it identifies with worker preparing and learning. In Asian societies, be that as it may, there is a solid, recorded pattern toward community. This sort of culture esteems bunch standards and gathering connection over individualized articulation where â€Å"they see themselves as an individual from a more distant family, place bunch interests in front of individual needs, and worth response of favors and regard for tradition† (Blodgett et al, p.339). Workers that have solid collectivist qualities regularly look for sentiment and systems administration from peers and work well in organized, incorporated administrat ion chains of command. Collectivists

Urban Planning Dual Degree Interview COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Urban Planning Dual Degree Interview COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hearing from individuals associated with SIPA is a great way to learn about what our programs offer and we have an extensive interview page for this purpose featuring current students, alumni, and faculty.   The following is an interview with a student that is pursuing a dual degree with Urban Planning.   For a full list of our dual degree programs click here. __________________________ Victoria Okoye is pursuing an Economic and Political Development concentration at SIPA with a professional focus on Urban Planning and Development. She earned a Bachelors in Journalism and a Bachelors in International Studies from the University of Missouri. She came to SIPA with a strong interest in women’s issues, human rights and African economic development. Her experience was in these areas as well â€" she did research work on gender issues related to women’s empowerment in political decision-making; did internships working on immigration issues related to human rights and women’s rights/gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. How did you get started in SIPA and Urban Planning? Both at the same time or one after the other? How much more do you have? I actually began my coursework at SIPA, and it was in my first semester that I decided to apply for a dual-degree in Urban Planning. How did you find the core curriculum at SIPA? How does this compare with the core curriculum of Architecture/Urban Planning? Is there any overlap? In my opinion, my MIA and Urban Planning experience have been quite different, but very much complementary. SIPA has a much more rigorous core curriculum, with required economics and statistics courses; in addition, taking the Economic Development course had helped me better understand the economic context of development, so I’m quite appreciative of that. In addition, the Conceptual Foundations course, Interstate Relations requirement, and Africa-focused courses that I’ve taken as part of my core curriculum have really been important for shaping the context of development, understanding general trends, and really having a strong grasp of what the important issues are. My Urban Planning core coursework (in Planning Theory, Planning Techniques, Urban Economics, Planning Law) has emphasized the role of the urban planner as a negotiator, mediator, basically, an individual working within and among institutions in order to achieve equitable urban development processes. How did you obtain your internship? Is there an internship requirement for Urban Planning? If so, could you use that internship to fulfill the SIPA requirement or vice versa? I actually obtained my internship through a contact I had made through my participation in the SIPA/Columbia University-sponsored Ghana/Nigeria policy tour. The tour was organized by three SIPA students, and we had the opportunity to travel to Accra, the capital of Ghana, as well as Lagos, Abuja, and Enugu in Nigeria. There is no internship requirement at Urban Planning, although it is strongly recommended. I envision that it would definitely be possible to use a required SIPA internship to count for credit toward my Urban Planning degree program. What kind of work do you hope to do when you graduate? After graduation, I’m especially interested in working in Nigeria on water infrastructure issues; given the recent trend toward privatization, I’m interested in working with local stakeholders to devise ways to better integrated them into the planning, operating and monitoring processes. What has been the most challenging part of your SIPA experience given the dual degree? Do you work at SIPA (PA-ship) â€" how is the fellowship process with your dual degree? I think the most challenging thing has been trying to be strategic about how I structure my program, and finding the right balance. Although neither program has too many requirements, and it’s possible to “double count,” there are just so many interesting and worthwhile courses here at the University! So another challenge has really been focusing on taking the best courses for my interest â€" where I can gain knowledge, but also build skills that I can in turn use in my professional work after graduate school. Given that pursuing a dual degree is a major financial investment, I am happy to say that I have really done my best and been pretty successful in taking advantages of my opportunities. In my second year (at Urban Planning), I was awarded a scholarship through the program, and I also applied for and was awarded an outside scholarship. In my final year (this year), I was selected for a Program Assistantship with a regional institute on campus, and I also was awarded an additional scholarship through Urban Planning. So, I’m definitely very thankful of the financial support that both my SIPA and Urban Planning program have provided. What advice would you give a first-year student? For those pursing a dual-degree, reach out to alumni and current students who are further along to get their advice about how to strategize your program based on your interests. Get to know the Deans and SIPA concentration Directors early on; they are such great resources! What attracted you to SIPA? I was attracted to a number of things: The Workshop project through the EPD concentration, the wide variety of experiences of SIPA students and alumni, the missions of the program and many of its students (the strong focus on international development issues), the opportunity to study a language while I am here, and also the opportunity to pursue a dual-degree. What experiences do you think prepared you at attend SIPA? In my undergraduate year, I worked on a year-long research project examining women’s progress in national decision-making in three African countries. I’d also completed a number of internships/work and have always been interested in pursuing an international career focused on development work. SIPA features lots of events for students to attend.   Is there any interesting presentation that you have attended that you could comment upon? The Institute of African Studies-sponsored debate on Darfur between Prof. Mahmood Mamdani and John Prendergast; the African Diplomatic Forum and African Economic Forum, SIPA Follies, Kofi Annan’s speech at the World Leaders Forum, and the numerous informational sessions sponsored by OCS (Catholic Relief Services, Consulting, Getting a Job at International Organizations, etc.) Can you talk about your workshop experience? I’ve only begun the workshop, as I am completing the Methods/Workshop sequence this year. So far, it’s been great! I’m working with a team of students to outline opportunities and constraints for foreign direct investment for Kaduna, Nigeria as part of a project for the Millennium Cities Initiative, Earth Institute. What kind of work did you do to meet the SIPA internship requirement? I interned in Abuja, Nigeria, working with a private development company interested in building a technology park to bring investment and economic development to the region and the country. Can you comment on the quantitative rigor in the curriculum? I think it’s good that the MIA curriculum has been strengthened with more quantitative-focused core courses. I think the curriculum provides a sufficient amount of emphasis on quantitative tools already, but it’s up to students to realize the importance of quantitative courses and seek them out â€" there are plenty available. What most surprised you about SIPA after you arrived? Economic Analysis I and II were so hard! I definitely did not expect that â€" but it was a good challenge and I learned A LOT.

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The Affect Of Power In The Play The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1099 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Power doesnt corrupt people, people corrupt power (William Gaddis). Puritanism was a powerful religious, social, and political order in New England colonial life. In a Puritan society, humans wanted to reform the Christian church and believed that the devil had servants that worked for him on Earth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Affect Of Power In The Play The Crucible" essay for you Create order Arthur Millerrs play, The Crucible, explains the persecution of persons falsely accused of being witches in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. The play portrays power and how that power shifts among the characters. It shows which characters have power and how power can overtake people causing them to abuse it for material gain, self-preservation, or revenge. Two minor characters, Samuel Parris and Thomas Putnam, acquire power; one desperate to keep it and one hungers for more. Power and authority are the epitome of this Patriarchal Society where men control all: wives, children, servants, courts, and the church. Reverend Samuel Parris holds an important position of authority and places himself even higher than others in the community. He is a weak man, obsessed with power and control, and throughout the play is only concerned with his reputation and money. When challenged, especially by John Proctor, Parris resents this opposition and reminds others that Proctor does not attend church on a regular basis; therefore, his opinion doesnt matter about reforms to the church. Proctor, a well-respected man in the community, is quick to point out that he dislikes Parris sermons because [he] hardly even mention[s] God any more (Miller 27). Parris is supposed to be a man of the Lord and live a simple life, but his materialistic demands on the community continue throughout the play. Using his religious position, Parris assumes that his newly made contract will suppor t and maintain firewood to last him a lifetime. Much to his dismay, Parris is met with constant opposition and wonders why he cannot offer one proposition but there be a howling riot of argument (Miller 28). Proctor reminds Parris that his salary is sixty-six pounds, including six for firewood. When Parris expresses the need for new, gold candlesticks, Proctor once again openly disagrees and is adamant that he will not attend church in a place where he preach nothin but golden candlesticks until he had them (Miller 62). Parris fear of being put out like the cat, relieving him of his position in Salem, push him to demand the deed to his current residence (Miller 28). Never before in Salem had such a demand been made by a minister, only to be denied. Free firewood, gold candlesticks, and the deed to the house represent Parris greed for material items and his desire for power over anyone who challenges his authority. Creating chaos throughout the town, Thomas Putnam uses the witch trials to accuse others in order to buy their land and destroy their lives. Although Putnam is a wealthy, land-owning man, nothing seems to satisfy his wants and wishes. After inheriting an extravagant amount of land from his grandfather, Putnam continues to want more. He is not willing to share the land with those in need and becomes angry if anyone enters what he believes is his property. Putnam threatens Proctor that if [he] loads one oak of [his] and [hell] fight to drag it home (Miller 30). Putnam warns Proctor that if he attempts to take anything from his property, then he will have issues with Putnam. Because his brother-in-law is prevented from being voted into the office of ministers, Putnam holds a grudge against Francis Nurse. Along with gaining profit from the misfortune of his enemies, Putnam disciplines them. The only thing Putnam wants is to see people suffer; it makes him feel powerful. Hungry for reven ge and to display his power, Putnam encourages his daughter, Ruth, to accuse innocent people of committing witchcraft. Giles questions Putnam about why he would use his teenage daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail, but Putnam claims that it is a lie (Miller 89). Putnamrs plan is to accuse Jacobs of being a witch, so by law, he will be forced to forfeit his property. As Putnamrs neighbors are found guilty, his acreage expands. No strong personal relationship can be found that connects Reverend Samuel Parris and Thomas Putnam; however, similarities in their hunger for power is shown throughout the play. Besides family, Putnam is one of the first people to call upon the Parrisrs house after Betty falls ill. It seems as if Putnam is there to convince Parris that witchcraft is to blame for both Bettyrs and his daughter, Ruthrs, sudden illness. Putnam encourages Parris to speak with the townspeople, blaming witches for his daughterrs sickness. At first, it seems that Putnam wants Parris to denounce the devil and have the village bless him for it, but realistically it appears that Putnam is only looking out for himself. Putnam is angry with the people of Salem for not selecting his brother-in-law as the town minister, so he is going to use Parris position of authority to seek revenge on the people in the community he feels are his enemies. Using unyielding pressure, Putnam is able to convince Parris to commit to the idea of supernatural forces, or witchery, that is the root of Bettyrs sickness. Once admitted by Reverend Parris, the stage for what becomes Salemrs witch hunt is set and Putnamrs desire for revenge and profit fall into place. Some of the primary accusations come from Putnam and are supported by Parris. These two men, among others, use their influence and power to accuse innocent people of illegal acts of witchcraft, which result in nineteen deaths by the time the trials are over. With great power comes great responsibility (Voltaire); however, few are responsible enough to remain fair. Reverend Samuel Parris and Thomas Putnam use their power as a tool that causes a lot of harm to many people in the town of Salem. Miller reveals how having too much pride in oners self will end in your downfall or someones demise. The Crucible shows how these two men and their search for power did not gain the respect and social status they feel they deserve and ultimately ended up the same way they began the play. Throughout history, the hunger for power has the potential to make an impact on a personrs life be it positive or negative. During the Salem Witch Trials, many lives were taken from people because of oners pride overpowered all. No one will ever know how or if these deaths could have been prevented, but one can take the lessons learned through the characters, and use them in reality.

Lowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1310 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Lowering The Drinking Age Essay Did you like this example? The National Minimum Drinking Age Act, passed by Congress in the year of 1984, enforced a change in the state laws of young drinkers to satisfy the worries of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, or MADD. The minimum legal drinking age was up for debate, yet the minimum age for more serious decisions stayed in place, despite national and international statistics which both prove how early drinking would help in practicing moderation and preventing the feeling of having privileges deprived. While the federal government cannot modify the minimum legal drinking age due to this law qualifying as a choice of the state government, they threatened to withhold ten percent of the annual federal highway funds from states who refused to raise their minimum legal drinking age from 18 to 21 by October of 1986. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age" essay for you Create order In response, every single state in America eventually agreed to meet the commands of the federal government rather than forfeit their annual allowance for their highway needs. In the United States of America, an 18 year old legally becomes an adult. He or she finally owns the right to make very important decisions independently. Not only do their decisions affect their entire life, but they can also have an impact on their community. These relatively young adults legally vote for candidates of their choice to participate in very significant political roles, thus affecting their community. In the United States of America, 18 year olds own a right to smoke tobacco cigarettes which cause an annual average of 480 thousand American deaths, but prohibited from drinking alcoholic beverages which cause an annual average of just 88 thousand American deaths. Parents should enforce moderate drinking at a young age which would be possible with a lower minimum legal drinking age. A 2014 article by David J. Hanson proves this point. No country other than the United Kingdom has a minimum legal drinking age for drinkers under parental supervision. The United Kingdom allow s six year olds to drink alcoholic beverages with parental supervision and allow 18 year olds to drink independently while the American society looks down upon drinkers this young and do not legally allow 18 year olds to drink without parental supervision. In short, the American 18 year olda legal adultin some states abide by the same drinking laws as a six year old in the United Kingdom. In other American states, an 18 year old has even less drinking privileges than a six year old in the United Kingdom. Out of the nearly 200 countries in the world, only 12 countries, according to a 2016 article from ProCon.org, have a minimum legal drinking age of 21. The United States of America, Cte dIvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Iraq, Kiribati, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Oman, Palau, Samoa, and Sri Lanka share the highest national minimum legal drinking age in the world. In the United Kingdom, children as young as six years old begin drinking alcohol under parental supervision and, in result, only 16 percent of traffic fatalities involved an intoxicated driver. America nearly doubles this number with 31 percent of traffic fatalities involving the influence of alcohol. Germany has a minimum legal drinking age of only 16 years old. Such a low minimum drinking age may frighten some American parents, however, only a diminutive four percent of vehicle collision fatalities in Germany can be traced to a driver under the influence of alcohol consumption. Furthermore, a slideshow published on MSN.com in 20 16, The Worlds Drunkest Countries, ranked the United States of America as having the 20th highest drinking level in the world! The majority of the countries listed in the slideshow were said to have been successfully decreasing their drinking levels within the past several years, but the United States has kept a steady average of eight liters per person since the beginning of the century. According to studies performed by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, or SAMHSA, a total of 6.3 billion gallons of beer were consumed in the previous year. Of the 50 states in America, another ProCon.org article says five have absolutely no exceptions to the minimum legal drinking age of 21 defined in their state laws. This ten percent of America results in significant discrepancies in statistics for traffic fatalities related to alcohol in comparison to the remaining states statistics. However, these discrepancies do not compliment the strict ten percent of American states like one may imagine. The five states who refuse any exceptions to the minimum drinking age include Alabama, Arkansas, West Virginia, New Hampshire, and Idaho. A 2018 article, These Are Americas Drunkest States, by Cheyenne Buckingham shares various alcohol-related statistics of all 50 American States. The article recognizes that Arkansas has the lowest alcohol-related traffic fatalities of these five states, but comes in 15th lowest when compared to the entire nation. According to Yellow Hammers News, an astounding 41 percent of underage adult drinkers in Arkansas a re binge drinkers which means they consume a minimum of four drinks within a two hour time period. Utah, New York, Rhode Island, and Georgia have the lowest alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the nation respectively. Each of these states have legalized underage drinking with consent from a parent or guardian who exceeds the minimum legal drinking age of 21. The parent or legal guardian supervising the underage drinker must also literally and physically provide the drinker with the alcoholic beverage (not allow someone else to hand the child or young adult the drink, or allow the drinker to take the drink himself or herself) and of course give verbal consent to the minor. Utah and Georgia allow minors to consume alcohol for medical and religious purposes. The state of Rhode Island permits minors to consume alcohol for educational purposes such as for an assignment in the culinary arts. These exceptions to the minimum legal drinking age also take place in many other states laws, al ong with a variety of other possible exceptions. On average, 90 people in the United States die tragically in vehicle collisions on a daily basis. Sixty of these daily traffic fatalities involved an intoxicated driver. Contrary to popular belief, the majority of these drunk drivers responsible for the devastating deaths of those involved in alcohol-related vehicle accidents did not come from the minors age group but from an age group seen by the American society as responsible drinkers and drivers. A 2010 study revealed that intoxicated drivers between the ages of 21 and 24 have caused more fatal traffic collisions in the United States compared to any other age group. Thirty-four percent of fatal vehicle collisions involving drivers under the influence of alcohol intoxication consisted of 21 to 24 year olds, 30 percent including 25 to 34 year olds, and 25 percent due to 35 to 44 year old Americans. This leaves less than 11 percent of fatal vehicle collisions due to intoxicated underage drinkers. Despite Americas trust in 21 to 24 y ear olds with alcoholic beverages and the fragile lives of their neighbors on the road, more than double the number of underage drinkers had recently gained the privilege of consuming alcoholic beverages independently when they found themselves in life-threatening vehicle collisions. Sixteen year old drivers are new on the roads and not legally allowed to consume alcohol (even when not behind the steering wheel) which causes citizens to fear these teens may make dangerous and even life-threatening decisions with alcohol on the roads. Since altering the minimum legal drinking age in the United States of America, drinking levels in wine and beer both escalated and dangerous drinking became more common. Although the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed to decrease the frequency of driving while intoxicated, many devastating deaths involved in fatal alcohol-related vehicle collisions have continued to increase. America denies 18 year olds the privilege of consuming an alcoholic beverage, yet permits more serious or even dangerous activities. Statistics across the nation and around the world prove how early drinking results in less dangerous drinking habits and alcohol-related vehicle collisions. Therefore, drinking at a younger age would, contrary to popular belief, help keep teenagers and young adults safe.

Writing News Wendell Berry Received Dayton Literary Prize

The Dayton Literary Peace Prize Foundation announced that this year the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award constituting $10,000 stipend is presented to Wendell Berry – a writer, poet, essayist and full-time farmer. The award carries the name of the American diplomat who was mostly responsible for the signing of 1995 Dayton Peace Accords in Bosnia and is given to the writers who have succeeded in preaching peace, harmony and mutual understanding among people. It is not unexpected news at all that this year it was presented to Wendell Berry – he seems to be a perfect person to be chosen for this award, and it is surprising that he hasn’t received it before. Berry, 79, has been promoting the idea that men should live in harmony both with each other and the Earth his entire life, and did his best to live according to the beliefs he preaches. He is not only a writer, but a farmer as well – despite his advanced age he still keeps a garden and raises sheep. His house in central Kentucky is mostly devoid of technological advancements of contemporary times – according to Berry, such a lifestyle keeps him well attuned to the problems and issues he writes about. According to Berry, one of the worst things that happen to today’s world is steady decline of rural communities, traditional values and advancement of industrial agriculture, greed and global economics. He is an extremely prolific author – by now he has written more than fifty complete works, including fiction, nonfiction and poetry. His fiction is constituted by eight novels set in a small rural community of Port William, and they serve as the best embodiment of his ideas and beliefs. Although Berry, being a strong proponent of localism, doesn’t appear in the news all too often, his name is, nevertheless, well-known to environmental activists all over the country. During his lifetime he was not only consistent in his beliefs and their depiction in his literary works, but also never shunned an opportunity to express them in other ways, by means of non-violent acts of civil disobedience, open statements in magazines and so on and so forth. Berry’s election for the prize was only natural – according to Sharon Rub, founder and co-chairwoman of the Dayton Literary Prize Foundation, Berry has been promoting the ideas of peace and peaceful coexistence with nature for more than half a century, and it is high time for the world to acknowledge his exploits in this area. Berry himself characterizes his own work in its entirety as the story he was telling his entire life, believing in its potential instructiveness for other people. The fact that he was given this award shows that at least his work was noticed.

A Call for the Continued Prohibition of Marijuana and...

A Call for the Continued Prohibition of Marijuana and Other Drugs Alcohol, if consumed in high quantities, poses serious personal and public health and safety issues. In the realm of public safety, engaging in said activity significantly impairs cognitive activity, affecting one’s ability to utilize proper judgment and operate machinery, among other things. Thus, operating machinery while under the influence of alcohol puts not only the operator, but also others in the vicinity of the operator, in danger of being harmed. This is a universally recognized and accepted reality. In the realm of personal safety, long-term alcohol abuse severely compromises major organs and bodily function, chiefly among them the lungs and fluid operability of the blood vessels. Thus, excessive alcoholic intake can lead to eventual chronic and debilitating health problems, such as liver cancer and diabetes. This is also a universally recognized and accepted reality. It is because of the widespread acceptance of these relative hazards that alcohol, although legal, has been seemingly sequestered by American society into a niche category of vices that are appropriate when consumed responsibly, but dangerous and overtly negative when consumed otherwise. Why then, has marijuana seemed to sidestep this particular form of judgment and swung itself onto the complete opposite end of the pendulum; the end that says it is completely harmless to consume? Whether one points to popular culture, the effortsShow MoreRelatedThe Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe cohorts of drug prohibition argue that the benefits of the prohibition are self-evident and undeniable. The basis of this assumption argument is that without prohibition the consumption of drug would skyrocket, and therefore, lead to disastrous outcomes. However, there is no evidence on the commonly held belief. 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The Secret Circle The Initiation Chapter Eight Free Essays

â€Å"You sent the note,† Cassie said flatly. Faye smiled her slow, terrible smile. â€Å"Somehow I didn’t think you’d come if I used my own name,† she said. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Eight or any similar topic only for you Order Now And I fell for it, Cassie thought. She must have coached that girl Tina on what to say – and I swallowed it. â€Å"How do you like the little presents you’ve been finding?† Tears came to Cassie’s eyes. She couldn’t answer. She felt so drained, so helpless – if only she could think. â€Å"Haven’t you been sleeping well?† Faye continued, her throaty voice innocent. â€Å"You look awful. Or maybe your dreams have been keeping you awake.† Cassie turned to cast a quick look behind her. There was an exit there, but Suzan was in front of it. â€Å"Oh, you can’t go yet,† Faye said. â€Å"I wouldn’t dream of letting you.† Cassie stared at her. â€Å"Faye, just leave me alone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dream on,† said Deborah, and she laughed nastily. Cassie could make no sense out of this. But then she saw that Faye was holding a sheet of paper. It was smoothed flat, but it had once been tightly crumpled. Her poem. Anger blazed through her exhaustion. Blazed so bright that for an instant she was full of energy, lifted by it. She lunged at Faye crying, â€Å"That’s mine!† It took Faye by surprise. She reeled back, dodging, holding the poem high out of Cassie’s reach. Then something caught Cassie’s arms from behind, pinning them. â€Å"Thank you, Deborah,† Faye said, slightly breathless. She looked at Cassie. â€Å"I suppose even a little white mouse will turn. We’ll have to remember that. But just now,† she continued, â€Å"we’re going to have an impromptu poetry reading. I’m sorry the atmosphere isn’t more – appropriate – but what can you do? This used to be the science building, but nobody comes here much anymore. Not since Doug and Chris Henderson made a little mistake in a chemistry experiment. You’ve probably seen the Henderson brothers – they’re hard to miss. Nice guys, but a little irresponsible. They accidentally made a bomb.† Now that Cassie’s eyes had adjusted again, she could see that the room was burned out. The walls were black with soot. â€Å"Of course, some people think it’s unsafe here,† Faye continued, â€Å"so they keep it locked. But we’ve never let a little thing like that stop us. It is private, though. We can make all the noise we want and nobody will hear us.† Deborah’s grip on Cassie’s arms was painful. But Cassie started to struggle again as Faye cleared her throat and held up the paper. â€Å"Let me see†¦ ‘My Dreams,’ by Cassie Blake. Imaginative title, by the way.† â€Å"You don’t have any right – † Cassie began, but Faye ignored her. She began reading in a theatrical, melodramatic voice: â€Å"Each night I lie and dream about the one – â€Å" â€Å"It’s private!† Cassie cried. â€Å"Who kissed me and awakened my desire – â€Å" â€Å"Let me go!† â€Å"I spent a single hour with him alone – â€Å" â€Å"It isn’t fair – â€Å" â€Å"And since that hour, my days are laced with fire.† Faye looked up. â€Å"That’s it. What do you think, Deborah?† â€Å"It stinks,† Deborah said, then gave a little wrench to Cassie’s arms as Cassie tried to tear away. â€Å"It’s stupid.† â€Å"Oh, I don’t know. I liked some of the imagery. About fire, for instance. Do you like fire, Cassie?† Cassie went still. That lazy, husky voice had a new note in it, a note she recognized instinctively. Danger. â€Å"Do you think about fire, Cassie? Do you dream about it?† Dry-mouthed, Cassie stared at Faye. Those honey-colored eyes were warm, glowing. Excited. â€Å"Would you like to see a fire trick?† Cassie shook her head. There were things worse than humiliation, she was realizing. For the first time this week she was afraid, not for her pride, but for her life. Faye snapped the piece of paper in her hand, forming it into a loose cone. Flame burst out of one corner at the top. â€Å"Why don’t you tell us who the poem is about, Cassie? This boy who awakened you – who is he?† Cassie leaned away, trying to escape the blazing paper in front of her face. â€Å"Careful,† Deborah said mockingly from behind her. â€Å"Don’t get too close to her hair.† â€Å"What, you mean this close?† said Faye. â€Å"Or this close?† Cassie had to twist her neck to evade the flame. Little glowing bits of paper were flying off in every direction. The brightness left an afterimage, and she could feel heat on her skin. â€Å"Oops, that was close. I think her eyelashes are too long anyway, Deborah, don’t you?† Cassie was fighting now, but Deborah was astonishingly strong. And the more Cassie struggled, the more the grip hurt. â€Å"Let go of me – † she gasped out. â€Å"But I thought you liked fire, Cassie. Look into the fire. What do you see?† Cassie didn’t want to obey, but she couldn’t help it. Surely the paper should have burned up by now. But it was still blazing. Yellow, she thought. Fire is yellow and orange. Not red like they say. All her senses were fixed on the flame. Its heat brought a dry tingle to her cheeks. She could hear the crumple of paper as it was consumed; she could smell the burning. And she could see nothing else. Gray ash and yellow flame. Blue at the bottom like a gas burner. The fire changed shape every second, its radiance streaming endlessly upward. Pouring out its energy†¦ Energy. Fire is power, she thought. She could almost feel the charge of the golden flame. It wasn’t the. vast quietness of sky and sea, or the waiting solidity of rock. It was active. Power there for the taking†¦ â€Å"Yes,† Faye whispered. The sound shocked Cassie out of her trance. Don’t be crazy, she told herself. Her fantasy about the flame collapsed. This was what happened when you didn’t get any sleep. When the stress became unbearable and you got to the end of your resources. She was going insane. Tears flooded her eyes, fell down her cheeks. â€Å"Oh, she’s just a baby after all,† Faye said, and there was savage disgust in her voice. Disgust and something like disappointment. â€Å"Come on, baby, can’t you cry any harder than that? If you cry hard enough, maybe you can put it out.† Still sobbing, Cassie tossed her head back and forth as the blazing paper stabbed closer. So close that tears fell on it and sizzled. Cassie was no longer thinking; she was simply terrified. Like a trapped animal, a desperate, pathetic trapped animal. Dead meat dead meat dead meat dead meat†¦ â€Å"What are you doing? Let go of her – now!† The voice came out of nowhere, and for an instant Cassie didn’t even attempt to locate it. Her whole being was focused on the fire. It flared up suddenly, dissolving almost instantaneously into soft gray ash. Faye was left holding only a stump of charred paper cone. â€Å"I said let her go!† Something bright came at Deborah. But not bright like fire. Bright like sunlight. Or moonlight, when the moon is full and so dazzling you can read by it. It was her. The girl, the girl from the yellow house, the girl with the shining hair. Utterly dumbfounded, Cassie stared as if seeing her for the first time. She was almost as tall as Faye, but unlike Faye in every other respect. Where Faye was voluptuous, she was slender; where Faye was dressed in red, she was dressed in white. Instead of a wild black mane like Faye’s, her hair was long and straight and shimmering – the color of the light streaming in the window. And of course she was beautiful, even more beautiful this close than she had been at a distance. But it was a beauty so different from Faye’s it was hard to think of it as the same thing. Faye’s beauty was stunning but scary. Her strange golden eyes were fascinating, but they also made you want to run away. This girl looked like something from a stained-glass window. For the first time Cassie saw her eyes, and they were green and clear, brilliant, as if light were behind them. Her cheeks were faintly flushed with rose, but it was natural color, not makeup. Her breast was heaving with indignation, and her voice, though clear and musical, was filled with anger. â€Å"When Tina told me she’d delivered that note for you, I knew there was something going on,† she said. â€Å"But this is unbelievable. For the last time, Deborah, let her go!† Slowly, reluctantly, the grip on Cassie’s arms loosened. â€Å"Look at this†¦ you could have hurt her,† the fair-haired girl raged on. She had a Kleenex out and was wiping ash – and tears – off Cassie’s cheeks. â€Å"Are you all right?† she asked, her tone gentling. Cassie could only look at her. The shining girl had come to rescue her. It was like something out of a dream. â€Å"She’s frightened to death,† the girl said, turning on Faye. â€Å"How could you, Faye? How could you be so cruel?† â€Å"It just comes naturally,† Faye murmured. Her eyes were hooded, sullen. As sullen as Deborah’s face. â€Å"And you, Suzan – I’m surprised at you. Don’t you see how wrong it is?† Suzan mumbled something, looking away. â€Å"And why would you want to hurt her? Who is she?† She had a protective arm around Cassie now as she looked from one of the senior girls to another. None of them answered. â€Å"I’m Cassie,† Cassie said. Her voice wobbled at the end, and she tried to steady it. All she could feel was the girl’s arm around her shoulder. â€Å"Cassie Blake,† she managed to finish. â€Å"I just moved here a couple of weeks ago. Mrs. Howard is my grandmother.† The girl looked startled. â€Å"Mrs. Howard? At Number Twelve? And you’re living with her?† Fear darted through Cassie. She remembered Jeffrey’s reaction to hearing where she lived. She would die if this girl responded the same way. Wretchedly, she nodded. The fair-haired girl whirled back on Faye. â€Å"Then she’s one of us! A neighbor,† she added sharply as Faye’s eyebrows shot up. â€Å"Oh, hardly,† Faye said. â€Å"She’s only half – † Suzan began. â€Å"Shut up!† said Deborah. â€Å"She’s a neighbor,† the fair-haired girl repeated stubbornly. She looked at Cassie. â€Å"I’m sorry; I didn’t know you’d moved in. If I had – she threw an angry glance at Faye – â€Å"I’d have stopped by. I live down at the bottom of Crowhaven Road , Number One.† She gave Cassie another protective squeeze. â€Å"Come on. If you want, I’ll take you home now.† Cassie nodded. She would have happily followed if the girl had told her to jump out a window. â€Å"I forgot to introduce myself,† the girl said, stopping on the way to the stairs. â€Å"My name’s Diana.† â€Å"I know.† Diana had a blue Acura Integra. She stopped in front of it and asked Cassie if she wanted to get anything from her locker. With a shudder, Cassie shook her head. â€Å"Why not?† Cassie hesitated. Then told her. Everything. Diana listened, arms folded, toe tapping with increasing speed as the story went on. Her green eyes were beginning to shine with an almost incandescent fury. â€Å"Don’t worry about it,† was all she said at the end. â€Å"I’ll call and have the custodian clean out the locker. For now, we need to get you out of here.† She drove, telling Cassie to leave the Rabbit. â€Å"We’ll take care of it later.† And Cassie believed her. If Diana said it would be taken care of, it would be taken care of. In the car, all Cassie could do was stare at a strand of long, shining hair falling over the emergency brake. It was like sunlight-colored silk. Or sunlight-and-moonlight colored, rather. For an instant, in the back of Cassie’s mind, a thought popped up about someone else who had hair that was more than one color, but when she grasped after it, it was gone. She didn’t quite dare to touch the strand of hair, although she wanted to see if it felt like silk too. Instead she tried to listen to what Diana was saying. â€Å"†¦ and I don’t know what gets into Faye sometimes. She just doesn’t think. She doesn’t realize what she’s doing.† Cassie’s eyes slid cautiously up to Diana’s face. In her opinion, Faye knew exactly what she was doing. But she didn’t say anything – they were pulling up to the pretty Victorian house. â€Å"Come on,† Diana said, jumping out. â€Å"Let’s get you cleaned up before you go home.† Cleaned up? Cassie found out what she meant when Diana led her into an old-fashioned bathroom on the second floor. Soot stained her gray sweater, her hands, her jeans. Her hair was a mess. Her face was smudged with black and striped with tears. She looked like a war orphan. â€Å"I’ll lend you some clothes while we get yours clean. And you can get clean in this.† Diana was bustling around, running hot water into a claw-footed bathtub, adding something that smelled sweet and bubbled. She put out towels, soap, shampoo, all with a speed that bewildered Cassie. â€Å"Throw your clothes outside when you get undressed. And you can put this on afterward,† she said, hanging a fluffy white bathrobe on a hook on the door. â€Å"Okay, you’re set.† She disappeared, and Cassie was left staring at the shut door. She looked at the slightly steamy mirror, then at the bathtub. She felt cold and achy inside. Her muscles were trembling from tension. The hot, sweet-scented water looked perfect, and when she climbed in and it rose around her, she let out an involuntary sigh of bliss. Oh, it was lovely. Just right. She lay and basked for a while, letting the heat soak into her bones and the light, flowery smell fill her lungs. It seemed to clear the last tired cobwebs from her head and refresh her. She took a washcloth and scrubbed the grime off her face and body. The shampoo smelled sweet too. When she finally got out of the tub and wrapped herself in the big white terrycloth robe, she was clean, and warm, and more relaxed than she could remember being in weeks. She still could scarcely believe this was happening, but she felt filled with light. The bathroom was old-fashioned, but not in an ugly way, she decided. Pretty towels and jars of colored bath salts and what looked like potpourri made it nice. She slipped on the soft white slippers Diana had left and padded into the hall. The door opposite was ajar. Hesitantly she knocked, pushed it open. Then she stopped on the threshold. Diana was sitting on a window seat, head bent over Cassie’s gray sweater on her lap. Above her, in the window, prisms were hanging. The sun was striking them so that little triangles of rainbow fell in the room: bands of violet and green and orangy-red. They were sliding across the walls, dancing on the floor, on Diana’s arms and hair. It was as if she were sitting in the middle of a kaleidoscope. No wonder the window had sparkled, Cassie thought. Diana looked up and smiled. â€Å"Come in. I was just getting the soot out of your sweater.† â€Å"Oh. It’s cashmere – â€Å" â€Å"I know. It’ll be all right.† Diana took some book that had been open on the window seat and put it into a large cabinet that stood against one wall. Cassie noticed she locked the cabinet afterward. Then she went out with the sweater. Cassie looked at the window seat curiously. She didn’t see any spot remover. Only a packet of potpourri and what looked like part of somebody’s rock collection. The room itself was lovely. It managed to combine pretty, antique-looking furniture with modern things, as if the past and the present existed side by side in harmony here. The hangings on the bed were pale blue with a delicate trailing-vine design, light and airy. On the walls, instead of movie posters or pinups, there were some kind of art prints. The whole place looked – classy. Elegant and artistic, but comfortable, too. â€Å"Do you like those? The prints?† Cassie turned to find that Diana had noiselessly entered the room again. She nodded, wishing she could think of something intelligent to say to this girl who seemed so far above her. â€Å"Who’s in them?† she asked, hoping that wasn’t something she ought to know already. â€Å"They’re Greek gods. Or Greek goddesses, actually. This one’s Aphrodite, the goddess of love. See the cherubs and doves around her?† Cassie gazed at the woman in the picture, who was reclining on a sort of couch, looking beautiful and indolent. Something about the pose – or maybe it was the exposed bosom – reminded her of Suzan. â€Å"And this is Artemis.† Diana moved to another print. â€Å"She was goddess of the hunt. She never married, and if any man saw her bathing, she had him ripped to pieces by her dogs.† The girl in this picture was slim and lithe, with toned-looking arms and legs. She was kneeling, aiming a bow. Her dark hair fell in tumbled waves down her back, and her face was intense, challenging. Deborah sometimes looked like that, Cassie thought. Then she glanced at the next print and started. â€Å"Who’s that?† â€Å"That’s Hera, queen of the gods. She could be – jealous.† Cassie bet she could. The young woman was tall and proud, with an imperious set to her chin. But it was her eyes that held Cassie. They seemed almost to blaze from the print, full of passion and will and danger. Like a crouching jungle cat†¦ Shuddering uncontrollably, Cassie turned away. â€Å"Are you all right?† Diana asked. Cassie nodded, gulping. Now that she was safe, it was all coming back. Not only the events of the last day, but of the entire last week. All the hurt, all the humiliation. The hanged doll in her locker, the scene in the cafeteria. The rubber snake. The game of keep away with her backpack†¦ â€Å"Cassie?† A hand touched her shoulder. It was too much. Cassie turned around and flung herself into Diana’s arms, bursting into tears. â€Å"It’s okay. It’ll all be okay, really. Don’t worry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Diana held her and patted her back. All the tears Cassie hadn’t been able to release in front of her mother or grandmother were flooding out now. She clung to Diana and sobbed like a little child. And it was just like the images she’d had in the library. As if she were seven years old and her mother was comforting her. Somehow, Diana made Cassie feel that everything was going to be all right. Eventually, she slowed to hiccups and sniffles. Finally she lifted her head. â€Å"Tell you what,† Diana said, handing a Kleenex to Cassie. â€Å"Why don’t you stay here for dinner? My dad won’t be back until late tonight – he’s a lawyer. I can call a couple of friends and we can order a pizza. How does that sound?† â€Å"Oh – great,† Cassie said, biting her lip. â€Å"Really great.† â€Å"You can put on these clothes until yours dry – they’ll be a little big, but not too bad. Come downstairs when you’re ready.† Diana paused, her emerald-green eyes on Cassie’s face. â€Å"Is something wrong?† â€Å"No†¦ not really, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Cassie floundered, then shook her head angrily. â€Å"It’s only†¦ it’s just†¦ why are you being so nice to me?† she burst out. It all still seemed like a dream. Diana stared at her a minute, then she smiled with her eyes, although her lips remained grave. â€Å"I don’t know†¦ I guess I think you’re nice and you deserve it. I can work on trying to be rotten if you want.† Cassie shook her head again, but not angrily this time. She felt her own lips twitch. â€Å"And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Diana was looking off into space now, her clear green eyes distant. â€Å"We’re all sisters, you know.† Cassie caught her breath. â€Å"Are we?† she whispered. â€Å"Yes,† Diana said firmly, still looking far away. â€Å"Yes, we are. In spite of everything.† Then her face changed, and she looked at Cassie. â€Å"You can call your mom from this line,† she said, indicating a phone. â€Å"I’ll go down and order the pizza.† And just like that, she was gone. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Eight, Essay examples

Chronicity And Co Morbidity In Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chronicity And Co Morbidity In Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: The health care industry has advanced considerably in the past few decades and what used to be an incurable morbidity, taking hundreds of lives; now there are different treatment options for it. However, it also needs to be considered that despite all the technological revolution in the health care industry, there still is a number of emerging public health concerns that mortality rates are increasing rapidly (Lisspers et al., 2014). One of the most common of these health priorities can be considered the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that targets more than 34% of the global population and this particular health disorder contributes to a large proportion of mortality to the health care sector. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD is a respiratory disease which can be characterized by the blocked respiratory airways, shortness of breath and excessive sputum or cough production. The patient suffering with COPD can be cared for optimally if a multidisciplinary team having different experts belonging to different care sectors; ho can address differential care needs of the patient. This assignment will attempt to evaluate all aspects associated with caring for a patient suffering with COPD taking the help of a case study. Interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare COPD is the chronic illness and is associated with various comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, osteoporosis, hypertension,muscle weakness and other psychological disorders (Mellado et al., 2016). Chronicity of the illness refers to the condition that is difficult to be cured. Comorbidities are the medical condition that are associated and occur together with the main illness. These comorbidities add to the complexity of the chronic disease. COPD is the complex disease, as the patient had to cope up with various other comorbidities, which increases the length of the hospital study and exacerbation of COPD symptoms (Donner et al., 2017). Therefore, it mandates the need of more than one drug to fight the comorbidities along with COPD. Risk factors such as smoking, medication interaction, aging and lack of treatment of comorbidities add to the complexity of the comorbidities and outcomes in the patients with COPD. The complexity of the presentation of the symptoms makes it challenging for the clinicians to mage the chronic disease (De Lucas-Ramos et al., 2017). Thus, the complexity, chronicity and the comorbidity is interrelated in the health care and this concept must be clear to the health care providers to rightly handle the upcoming challenges. In the given study, Angela (COPD patient) was presented to her GP with increasing shortness of breath, increased sputum production, which has changed to dark yellow with green staining. Her condition is worsening daily. She is feeling unwell since several days. Her SaO2 is 84% on room air, temperature 38.4 C, She is significantly dyspnoeic, struggling to say more than 5 words without a breath. Her pulse is 104bpm and her BP remains elevated at 162/102mmHg. Due to inadequate intake of the medication, her symptoms have exacerbated. Consequently, she had to increase her antibiotics, nebulisers and oxygen therapy to maintain SpO2 above 92%. Due to hospitalisation, her mental well-being is affected. She is more upset due to burden of illness, inconvenience caused to her family, and at unable to care for daughters. Thus, chronic illness and associated comorbidities makes treatment more complex that ultimately affected both the physical and mental wellbeing. Pathophysiology of COPD COPD is characterised by airway inflammation, structural changes in the airway and mucociliary dysfunction. As a consequent of exposure to the inhaled irritants such as polluted air, tobacco smoke a chronic inflammation of the airway and lung tissues occurs along with the inflammation in the blood vessels (Celli, 2014). When the irritants are inhaled, it stimulates the lymphocytes, neutrophils, CD8+T-lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells such as macrophages, and B cells. These stimulated cells are activated to trigger a cascade (Celli, 2014). Firstly, the inflammatory mediators are released such as interferongamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). These mediators can sustain the inflammatory process. They induce range of systemic effects and leads to tissue damage (Rodrguez-Roisin, 2014). Secondly, the chronic illness leads to various structural changes in the lugs that limit the airflow. The airway inflammation remain associated with the COPD due to airway remodelling. The narrowing of the airway is caused by the peribronchial fibrosis, over multiplication of the epithelial cells of the airways, damage of the airway and build-up of the scar tissues (Mitchell, 2015). This results in the loss of lung tissue elasticity. It is caused by the damage of the structures that support alveoli. It results in collapse of small airways on exhalation. It causes trapped air in the lungs and impedes airflow. This reduces the lung capacity (Pouwels et al., 2017). Thirdly, the mucous glands are enlarged by smoking and consequent inflammation. These glands line the lung airway and upon enlargement, it leads to goblet cell metaplasia. Ultimately, the region is filled with mucous secreting cells. COPD inflammation damages the mucociliary transport system that cleans the airway mucus. Eventually mucous is accumulated in the airways that blocks and worsen the airflow (Rogers, 2014). The pathophysiology of COPD detailed above can be related with the case study. Angela experiences dyspnoea and shortness of breath. Dyspnoea results due to airflow obstruction and exertion. The damage caused to lungs makes it hard to breath as the airflow is limited. It takes more efforts to make air travel. The breathing irritants may have damaged the tiny air sacs within the lungs. Therefore, the COPD patients develop emphysema. The shortness of breath is also related to irritants and mucous that cause swelling and inflammation. In case of Angela, shortness of breath can also be the sign of flare up or exacerbation. It may be also be caused by the infections, Flu or pneumonia (Mitchell, 2015). The elevated blood pressure in Angela can be related with the pulmonary hypertension due to arteries that transfer blood to lungs. It forces a patient to breath faster (Rodrguez-Roisin, 2014). Nursing intervention for COPD: Nursing diagnosis Care goals Interventions Rationale Expected outcome Shortness of breath or dyspnoea. The patient will retain normal breathing pattern The patient will maintain normal respirator rate. The oxygen saturation limit of the patient will increase. Placing the patient in the semi-fowlers position. Performing CPT or chest physical therapy to the patient. Increasing the fluid intake of the patient considerably. Maintaining a patent airway technique, and secrete suctioning is also performed as per the discretion of the medical practitioner. Providing respiratory support to the patient in case of aggravated dyspnoea (Punekar, Shukla Mllerova, 2014). Administering cough suppressant medicines and analgesics if the patient experiences pain and discomfort in the chest or airway. This will allow the patient to have maximum lung expansion and the breathing rate will subsequently increase. Increasing the fluid intake of the patient will liquefy the secretions as soon as possible (van der Molen Cazzola, 2012). As dyspnoea is characterized by the blocked airways due to the accumulation of sputum, the suctioning will remove the excess cough and clear the airways. In case the dyspnoea of the patient is aggravated and the patient cannot breathe on her own, respiratory support will help in stabilizing her condition. The cpugh suprresants will liquefy the accumulated cough and the mild analgesics will help the patent feel comfortable. The patient experience easier breathing exercise. The patient no longer experiences dyspnoea and the breathing rate of the patient returns to normal. Ineffective airway clearance Maintaining the airway patency of the patient with the breathing sounds getting clearer. Demonstrating breathing interventions to the patient to improve airway clearance by the means of effectively coughing and secretion removal. Auscultation of the breathing sounds of the patient checking for wheezes, crackles or rhonchi. Assessment of respiratory rate taking into accounts both the inspiratory and expiratory ratio. Assessing the presence of air hunger in the patient, characterized by restlessness, respiratory distress, and excessive usage of respiratory muscles. Providing a comfortable, safe, warm environment for the patient which is absolutely devoid of any environmental pollution (van der Molen, Miravitlles Kocks, 2013). Administration of intervention techniques like oral bronchodilators, pursed lip breathing exercises, suctioning, bronchial tapping while coughing, etc. It will indicate if the patient is expressing any indication of bronchospasm. It will assess whether the patient has tachypnea (van der Molen, Miravitlles Kocks, 2013). Presence ofb air hunger i9n the patient will indicate at the onset of severe respiratory dysfunction in the patient aggravated by any infection of allergic reaction. A warm and comfortable environment will help the patient relax, and the absence of any polluter like dust, smoke will help in minimizing the infection. These intervention techniques will help the patient breathe more effectively and facilitate better airway clearance (Glaab et al., 2012). The airway of the pati9ent will be effectively cleared. The patient will face no difficulties in maintain normal breathing pattern. Risk for infection The patient will communicate the probable risk factors or grievances. Identificatioj and administration of interventions that reduce the risk for infection. Facilitating changes in the lifestyle of the patient to promote safe and comfortable environment Monitoring the temperature of the patient Observing the nature, colour and odour of the sputum (Davis et al., 2015). Engaging the patient in effective and hygienic disposal of sputum and handwashing . Administration of oral antibiotics if presence of infection is confirmed. The fever might be indicative of the onset of infection in the patient. Presence of odor, or yellowish to greenish coloration in the sputum is indicative of pulmonary infection. Will reduce the risk of infection. Antibiotics will effectively combat the spreading infection (Lisspers et al., 2014). The patient will not acquire any infection while staying in the facility and will attain a speedy recovery. Health coaching, self-management, empowerment and advocacy: COPD is the leading cause of death in many countries and most people are not aware of the factors that exacerbate the symptoms. It is necessary for the patients to learn the COPD conditions and factors of exacerbations. Learning about the comorbidities makes the patient take better care of health. Therefore, coaching is necessary to aware patients on the indoor and outdoor air pollutants that can block the airway. It will help the patients to avoid the risk factors. Coaching the patient will help in the early detection, prevention, improved treatment and care (Baker Fatoye, 2017). In case of Angela, she must be taught about the side effects of medications (oral prednisolone, salbutamol) and signs that need immediate attention of the GP. She must be educated on the self-management skills. Self-management of COPD includes smoking cessation, self-care of exacerbations, participating in physical activities, performing breathing exercises, maintaining proper diet, adhering to the medications prescribed by the GP (). It will reduce the exacerbations as Angela is repeatedly admitted in hospital due to poor medication adherence and delayed intervention. According to Lenferink et al. (2017) comprehensive self-management is possible by coaching the patients and it has been found effective to some extent in improving the quality of life. Reducing the exacerbation will relive a Angela of anxiety and stress due to frequent hospitalisation. It will empower her to have faith in her medication. It will increase her self-efficacy and participate actively in treatment process. Collaboration by registered nurse: Registered nurses are in the key position to manage the COPD patients. The nurse must collaborate with the patients and her family members to enhance the care. The nurse must be able to initiate life style management plan for Angela. The nurse must consult with the dietician to develop appropriate diet plan for Angela. The nurse must collaborate with social worker to help Angela deal with any other psychosocial factors hampering her health such as caring for her daughters (Efraimsson et al., 2015). On addition addressing the funding issues and recognising other barriers is necessary to improve the patient wellbeing. Since COPD involves comorbidities, the registered nurse must collaborate with the pulmonologists (optimising treatment), respiratory therapists (ventilator support therapies, inhaler training), case managers (coordinate care needs after discharge) and information system specialists (for designing the medication reconciliation plan) (Flinter et al., 2017). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be said that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD is a respiratory disease which can be characterized by the blocked respiratory airways, shortness of breath and excessive sputum or cough production. There can be a varied reasons contributing to the formation of this disease although the most common risk factors associated with this disease are excessive smoking, past medical history of chronic asthma, and genetic inclination towards developing this disease. COPD is associated with a highly specialized yet diverse care planning and interventions must be aligned to the specific needs and requirements of the patient in order to avoid any further complication. References: Baker, E., Fatoye, F. (2017). Clinical and cost effectiveness of nurse-led self-management interventions for patients with copd in primary care: A systematic review.International Journal ofNursing Studies,71, 125-138. Celli, B. R. (2014). Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. InMechanics of Breathing(pp. 339-352). Springer Milan. Davis, K. J., Landis, S. H., Oh, Y. M., Mannino, D. M., Han, M. K., van der Molen, T., ... Muellerova, H. (2015). Continuing to Confront COPD International Physician Survey: physician knowledge and application of COPD management guidelines in 12 countries.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,10, 39. De Lucas-Ramos, P., Gonzalez-Moro, J. M. R. (2015). Aging, chronicity and pulmonary care.Arch Broncroneumol,51, 369-370. Donner, C. F., Carrozzi, L., Maio, S., Baldacci, S., Pistelli, F., Viegi, G., ... ZuWallack, R. L. (2017). Integrating the care of the complex COPD patient.Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease,87(1). Efraimsson, E. ., Klang, B., Ehrenberg, A., Larsson, K., Fossum, B., Olai, L. (2015). Nurses Flinter, M., Hsu, C., Cromp, D., Ladden, M. D., Wagner, E. H. (2017). Registered Nurses in Primary Care: Emerging New Roles and Contributions to Team-Based Care in High-Performing Practices.The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management,40(4), 287. Glaab, T., Vogelmeier, C., Hellmann, A., Buhl, R. (2012). Guideline-based survey of outpatient COPD management by pulmonary specialists in Germany.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,7, 101. Lenferink, A., van der Palen, J., Van Der Valk, P., Cafarella, P., Van Veen, A., Quinn, S., ... Effing, T. W. (2017). Self-Management Action Plans For COPD Patients With Comorbidities Reduce Exacerbation Duration And Respiratory-Related Hospitalizations-The COPE-III Study. InD13. THE REVOLVING DOOR: COPD HOSPITALIZATION AND READMISSION(pp. A7003-A7003). American Thoracic Society. Lisspers, K., Johansson, G., Jansson, C., Larsson, K., Stratelis, G., Hedegaard, M., Stllberg, B. (2014). Improvement in COPD management by access to asthma/COPD clinics in primary care: data from the observational PATHOS study.Respiratory medicine,108(9), 1345-1354. Mellado, M., Mercadal, A., Matarrodona, M., Navazo, I., Moya, F., Gracia, Y., ... Puerta, N. (2016). Social Health Diagnosis as a complementary tool in the clinical diagnosis for the integrated approach of the CCP in a FUCP addressed to the direct attention of CCP with heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).International Journal of Integrated Care,16(6). Mitchell, J. (2015). Pathophysiology of COPD: Part 1.Practice Nursing,26(4), 172-178. Pouwels, S. D., Van Geffen, W. H., Jonker, M. R., Kerstjens, H. A., Nawijn, M. C., Heijink, I. H. (2017). Increased neutrophil expression of pattern recognition receptors during COPD exacerbations.Respirology,22(2), 401-404. Punekar, Y. S., Shukla, A., Mllerova, H. (2014). COPD management costs according to the frequency of COPD exacerbations in UK primary care.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,9, 65. Rodrguez-Roisin, R. (2014). The Airway Pathophysiology of COPD: Implications for Treatment.[Internet] 2005.COPD. Rogers, D. F. (2014). Mucus pathophysiology in COPD: differences to asthma, and pharmacotherapy.[Internet] 2000.Europe Pubmed General. van der Molen, T., Cazzola, M. (2012). Beyond lung function in COPD management: effectiveness of LABA/LAMA combination therapy on patient-centred outcomes.Primary Care Respiratory Journal,21, 101-108. van der Molen, T., Miravitlles, M., Kocks, J. W. (2013). COPD management: role of symptom assessment in routine clinical practice.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,8, 461.

Public Goods Are Non-Rival Consumption Goods and Non-Excludable Goods free essay sample

In both cases it is difficult to determine the optimum price at which the good must be provided to the economy. Difference between them is that goods which are non rival it is possible for them to be excludable and non excludable goods can be rival. These points are explained below. Non-rival consumption goods may not be Non excludable. For example Cinemas, private parks, satellite television goods are non-rival in consumption but are excludable as it is possible to charge a price for using these goods and exclude those from using who are not willing to pay for them. Non Excludable goods may not be Non-rival in consumption. For example Common Property resources like water, timber, coal are goods which are non excludable but are rivalrous in nature as consumption by one individual reduces the availability of these goods to other individuals. Unlike excludability, rivalness is a physical characteristic of a resource and not a policy variable. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Goods Are Non-Rival Consumption Goods and Non-Excludable Goods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In case of Non Rival goods the marginal cost of an additional consumer is zero. Hence efficient price for using an existing non-rival good is zero because a positive price reduces use and hence benefits without reducing costs. Market efficiency requires that the marginal cost of providing an additional good or service must be equal to the sum of marginal benefits of all individuals. If market allocates the good it will be sold at a price. However, marginal cost of non rival good is zero and price of a good by definition is greater than zero otherwise market cannot allocate the good efficiently. But charging a nonzero market price would mean that there is no equality between Marginal Cost and sum of Marginal Benefits. Hence, Market allocation of non-rival goods would lead to inefficiency. When Market allocates goods it is contingent upon payment of price for it. An individual may be denied from the consumption of the good unless he is willing and able to the price for it or he is able to establish property rights over it. However, in case of non excludable goods such exclusion is not possible. This creates a problem of preference revelation for such goods. If people can consume a good regardless of whether or not they pay for it, they have an incentive to pay less or not pay for the good. Therefore, people can enjoy the benefits of consuming the good without any personal cost. This leads to the problem of ‘free rider’ i. e. every individual is keen to free ride the good rather than paying for it and if people are unwilling to pay for the good then there will be little or no profit in its production and hence investment in the production of these goods would be very less or at least not up to the point where Marginal cost of the good is equal to the sum of marginal benefits of all individuals. Hence, market cannot allocate non excludable good efficiently. Therefore, market allocation of non rival and non excludable goods would lead to sub-optimal production of these goods. When a good is both non rival and non excludable it becomes a pure public good. It becomes impossible for market to allocate these goods. No one is willing to produce these goods. This creates the need for government intervention in provision of these goods. Assignment 2 13. â€Å"An externality exists when the consumption or production choices of one person or firm enter the utility or production function of another person or firm without permission or compensation. Explain this with the help of Bart and Lisa example discussed in the text. Answer: When the activity of one entity (a person or a firm) directly affects the welfare of another in a way that is outside the market mechanism, the effect is called an Externality. It greatly affects economic efficiency. In the presence of externalities the resource allocation provided by the market will not be socially efficient. Since individuals do not bear the full cost of the negative externalities they generate, they will engage in an excessive amount of such activities. On the other hand, since individuals do not enjoy the full benefits of activities generating positive externalities, they will engage in too little of these. Therefore, without government intervention such activities would be either too high or too low than what is socially efficient. Inefficiency due to externality arises as a consequence of failure or inability to establish property rights. We can show how externality leads to inefficiency through the example of Bart and Lisa. Suppose that Bart owns a cement factory that dumps its garbage into a river nobody owns. Lisa catches fishes from this river for the fishery she owns. In this case the water pollution by Bart’s cement factory creates a negative externality for Lisa’s fishery by dirtying the river and hence reducing the number of fishes in it. On the other hand, Lisa’s fishing in the same river also creates a negative externality for Bart’s cement factory by increasing its social cost of production by polluting the river by her fishermen. Externality in this case arises because nobody owns the river. If Bart owned the river then he could charge Lisa for using his river and if Lisa owned it she could charge Bart instead.